燃烧是一种极为普通的现象，不同的热风炉燃料具有不同的燃烧方式，根据燃烧时有无火焰，可分为有焰燃烧和无焰燃烧，所谓火焰就是可燃气体的燃烧，所以有焰燃烧可以理解为可燃气体或者可燃液体蒸发为可燃气体的燃烧。而无焰燃烧是指木炭或者焦炭等的燃烧。

Combustion is a very common phenomenon. Different hot blast stove fuels have different combustion modes. According to whether there is flame or not, they can be divided into flaming combustion and flameless combustion. The so-called flame is the combustion of flammable gas, so flammable combustion can be understood as the combustion of flammable gas or flammable liquid evaporating into flammable gas. . And flameless combustion refers to the burning of charcoal or coke. 一，燃料的定义：

I. definition of fuel:

从燃烧的角度来讲，世界上的物质可分为可燃物与不可燃物两大类。简单地讲，能在空气中燃烧的物质称为可燃物；反之，称为不可燃物。能在空气中燃烧的物质非常多，例如：纸、布、木、煤、油、天然气、大米、麦子等等，数不胜数。然而，所谓燃料是指能在空气中容易燃烧并能放出大量热量的气体、液体或固体的物质，且在经济上值得利用其发热值的物质的总称。根据这一定义，作为热风炉燃料的物质必须同时具备下列条件： 1.容易在空气中燃烧，且又能随时不断供应。

From the perspective of combustion, substances in the world can be classified into two categories: combustible and non combustible. Simply speaking, substances that can be burned in air are called combustibles, otherwise, they are called non combustible materials. There are many substances that can burn in the air, such as paper, cloth, wood, coal, oil, natural gas, rice, wheat and so on. However, the so-called fuel refers to the material that can easily burn in the air and emit a lot of heat, such as gas, liquid or solid, and is economically worth utilizing its calorific value. According to this definition, as the fuel of hot blast stove, the material must have the following conditions at the same time: 1. Easy to burn in the air, and can be continuously supplied at any time.

2.贮藏、运输、处理等都很简便。

2. storage, transportation, processing and so on are very simple.

3.价格低廉，且发热值大。

3., the price is low and the calorific value is large.

4.在使用中没有大的危险性和有害性，且燃烧产物污染小。

4. there is no great danger and harm in use, and the pollution of combustion products is small.

因而，大米和麦子等物质虽是可燃物，但不是燃料。一般来说，煤、油、煤气、天然气等物质都能符合以上条件，均能作为燃料使用。

As a result, substances such as rice and wheat are combustible, but not fuels. Generally speaking, coal, oil, gas, natural gas and other substances can meet the above conditions, can be used as fuel.

二，.燃料、燃烧基础知识：什么是燃烧

Two. Basic knowledge of fuel and combustion: what is combustion?

所谓燃烧，就是指某种物质与氧或含氧物质急剧化合并放出大量热与光的化学反应。燃料在热风炉内进行燃烧反应时，一定同时出现吸热和放热，这种热称为反应热或燃烧热。燃烧反应的化合物称为燃烧产物。

The so-called combustion refers to the rapid combination of a substance with oxygen or oxygen-containing substances, which emits a large amount of heat and light. When fuel reacts in a hot blast stove, both endothermic and exothermic heat must occur. This heat is called reaction heat or combustion heat. The compound of combustion reaction is called combustion product.

三，.燃烧的三要素与完全燃烧的条件要使物质燃烧，必须同时具备下列三个条件，即燃烧的三要素。

3. The three elements of combustion and the conditions of complete combustion must possess the following three conditions at the same time, that is, the three elements of combustion.

1.必须有可燃物(燃料)。

1. there must be combustible materials (fuel).

2.具有能使可燃物(燃料)着火燃烧温度以上的温度水平。

2. has a temperature level that enables the combustible (fuel) to burn above the temperature.

3.必须具有充足的氧气或空气作为助燃物。

3. sufficient oxygen or air must be provided as a combustion supporting substance.

作为热风炉的司炉工，不但要使燃料能够燃烧，而且还要保证燃料能够完全燃烧。完全燃烧是指燃料的可燃成分在空气供应量和供应方法都很合适时，以致几乎完全不冒黑烟而能全部燃烧，此时，燃烧产物中不含任何可燃物质，反之，称为不完全燃烧。一般说来，使燃料完全燃烧，除上述燃烧的三要素外，还应注意以下事项条件：

As the fireman of hot blast stove, not only fuel can be burned, but also fuel can be fully burned. Full combustion means that the combustible components of fuel can be burned completely without smoke when the air supply and supply methods are suitable. At this time, the combustion products do not contain any combustible substances, otherwise, it is called incomplete combustion. Generally speaking, in addition to the above three elements of combustion, the following conditions should be taken into account for the complete combustion of fuel:

1.必须把适当的空气量以正确的方法供应给燃料，使燃料中的可燃物能充分与空气接触。

1. Appropriate air volume must be supplied to the fuel in the right way so that the combustibles in the fuel can fully contact with the air.

2.必须及时而妥善地排走燃烧产物。

2., combustion products must be removed in a timely and proper manner.

3.必须提供燃烧的足够空间(燃烧室)和时间。

3. it is necessary to provide enough space for combustion (combustion chamber) and time.

鉴于近年来燃油，燃气热风炉的增加和发展，下面主要介绍液体燃料和气体燃料及其燃烧的有关情况。

In view of the increase and development of fuel oil and gas hot blast stove in recent years, the following is mainly about liquid fuel and gas fuel and their combustion.